与历史有关的几个理论(2/6)-英语听力mp3下载无损flac下载
与历史有关的几个理论(2/6)-英语听力在线试听免费歌词下载
[00:00.02]Thus, there have developed many schools of thought on the subject,
因此,在这方面发展出许多学说。 [00:04.28]each of which attempts to give coherence to the human past
每种学说均试图 [00:08.19]by fitting it into the framework of a theory of history.
通过置于一个历史理论的框架中使它们各自同人类的过去相吻合。 [00:11.46]Now, let's take a look at one of these theories,
现在,让我们看看其中的一个理论—— [00:16.95]it is assumed that man continually progress.
认为人类是不断进步的。 [00:20.91]He has evolved from a lower to a higher form of being,
人类的存在形式已逐渐从低级向高级进化， [00:25.58]and he continues to evolve.
而且将持续向更高级进化。 [00:26.40]This evolution takes place both in terms of his potentials
这种进化既发生在他的潜能方面， [00:31.67]and his abilities to actualize these potentials.
也发生在他实现这些潜能的能力方面。 [00:34.75]If one holds this theory,
如果有人支持这个理论, [00:36.15]one feels that modern man must be more intelligent and civilized today than his ancestors,
那么他会觉得现代人一定比他的祖先更聪明、更有文化, [00:42.91]as well as physically and morally superior to them.
并且更加身强体健、品德高尚。 [00:45.39]One further assumes that this progress will continue into an ever more glorious future.
有人甚至觉得这一进步将发展为一个前所未有的繁荣的未来， [00:52.97]Here deduction often ends and dreams of Utopia begin,
这种情况下往往导致推理演绎的终点成为了一个乌托邦梦想的开始， [00:57.86]for it seems that most of us find it hard to think of
因为似乎大多数人 [01:01.81]the human race developing into a race of angels.
很难想到人类会变成天使。 [01:04.95]All in all,
总之， [01:05.36]as theory of history,
作为历史理论， [01:07.00]the above view has had many eminent supporters.
上述观点有许多杰出的支持者。 [01:10.28]It might be well to mention here a variation on this theory that used to be popular,
在这值得一提的是这个曾盛兴一时的理论经历变数， [01:16.43]namely the idea that man rose from a low condition
它认为人类在久远过去的某个时间从一个低条件的环境 [01:20.15]to a Golden Age at some time in the remote past,
进入到一个黄金时代， [01:24.69]and that things have gone straight downhill ever since.
可是随后便江河日下。 [01:27.29]Many eminent men have found a sort of gloomy comfort in this idea,
许多杰出的人们已经发现这个说法含有一种悲观的慰藉, [01:33.55]but science has now opened up possibilities for the future
但是现在科学已经揭开了未来的可能性, [01:37.71]which make this theory less defendable.
这一理论更站不住脚了。 [01:39.34]Perhaps for this reason the theory has little modern support.
兴许也正因此，现代几乎没有人再支持这个理论。
因此,在这方面发展出许多学说。 [00:04.28]each of which attempts to give coherence to the human past
每种学说均试图 [00:08.19]by fitting it into the framework of a theory of history.
通过置于一个历史理论的框架中使它们各自同人类的过去相吻合。 [00:11.46]Now, let's take a look at one of these theories,
现在,让我们看看其中的一个理论—— [00:16.95]it is assumed that man continually progress.
认为人类是不断进步的。 [00:20.91]He has evolved from a lower to a higher form of being,
人类的存在形式已逐渐从低级向高级进化， [00:25.58]and he continues to evolve.
而且将持续向更高级进化。 [00:26.40]This evolution takes place both in terms of his potentials
这种进化既发生在他的潜能方面， [00:31.67]and his abilities to actualize these potentials.
也发生在他实现这些潜能的能力方面。 [00:34.75]If one holds this theory,
如果有人支持这个理论, [00:36.15]one feels that modern man must be more intelligent and civilized today than his ancestors,
那么他会觉得现代人一定比他的祖先更聪明、更有文化, [00:42.91]as well as physically and morally superior to them.
并且更加身强体健、品德高尚。 [00:45.39]One further assumes that this progress will continue into an ever more glorious future.
有人甚至觉得这一进步将发展为一个前所未有的繁荣的未来， [00:52.97]Here deduction often ends and dreams of Utopia begin,
这种情况下往往导致推理演绎的终点成为了一个乌托邦梦想的开始， [00:57.86]for it seems that most of us find it hard to think of
因为似乎大多数人 [01:01.81]the human race developing into a race of angels.
很难想到人类会变成天使。 [01:04.95]All in all,
总之， [01:05.36]as theory of history,
作为历史理论， [01:07.00]the above view has had many eminent supporters.
上述观点有许多杰出的支持者。 [01:10.28]It might be well to mention here a variation on this theory that used to be popular,
在这值得一提的是这个曾盛兴一时的理论经历变数， [01:16.43]namely the idea that man rose from a low condition
它认为人类在久远过去的某个时间从一个低条件的环境 [01:20.15]to a Golden Age at some time in the remote past,
进入到一个黄金时代， [01:24.69]and that things have gone straight downhill ever since.
可是随后便江河日下。 [01:27.29]Many eminent men have found a sort of gloomy comfort in this idea,
许多杰出的人们已经发现这个说法含有一种悲观的慰藉, [01:33.55]but science has now opened up possibilities for the future
但是现在科学已经揭开了未来的可能性, [01:37.71]which make this theory less defendable.
这一理论更站不住脚了。 [01:39.34]Perhaps for this reason the theory has little modern support.
兴许也正因此，现代几乎没有人再支持这个理论。
