与历史有关的几个理论(3/6)-英语听力

[00:00.01]A second theory of history is held by those men
支持第二个历史理论的人认为 [00:03.16]who see man's history as something quite different from a simple progression
人类的历史绝不仅仅是简单地一种 [00:08.56]from a lower to a higher state.
从低级到高级的地位上升的进步。 [00:10.91]They see it as a cycle of stages of development,
他们认为人类历史是一个发展阶段的循环, [00:14.32]which are predictable in their broad outlines and main features.
每个阶段的大致范围和主要特征都是可预见的。 [00:19.72]As surely as a civilization rises and comes into being,
毋庸置疑，一种文明有兴盛的时候, [00:24.66]so also must it decline and fall.
它也一定会有衰亡的时候。 [00:27.60]The chief pattern one sees in history is the rise and fall of civilization.
这里人们认为历史的主要模式好比文明的兴衰。 [00:33.89]Man, according to this theory,
根据这一理论, [00:36.87]is warlike in one stage of his history and humane in another.
人类在历史的一个阶段十分好战，而在另一个阶段又显得人性化。 [00:40.04]This is not due to individual human beings or to general progress,
导致这种现象的原因不是由于人类个体或整体的进步, [00:45.05]but rather to determining socioeconomic patterns that are not,
而是因为具有决定性的社会经济模式 [00:49.24]as yet, understood.
尚未被理解。 [00:50.34]To holders of this theory,
对于持这一理论的人, [00:53.98]modern man is not looked upon as the most superior social being yet produced.
他们并未把现代的人看作是已经出现的最高级的社会存在， [00:58.31]He is simply the typical product
而认为现代人不过是 [01:01.41]of the current stage in the cycle of our civilization.
当前文明的发展循环阶段中的典型的结果。 [01:05.50]In fact,
事实上, [01:06.01]he may actually be inferior to members of past civilizations.
他可能还不如过去文明国家的成员。