与历史有关的几个理论(1/6)-英语听力

[00:00.02]Theories of History
与历史有关的几个理论 [00:03.91]Good morning, class.
同学们,早上好。 [00:05.85]Today's lecture is mainly concerned with some theories of history.
今天的讲座主要涉及一些历史理论， [00:10.63]How much of man's history do we know?
大家对人类历史理解有多少？ [00:14.74]We really know very little.
的确是知之甚少。 [00:16.45]Written records exist for only a fraction
书籍记录只让我们了解到： [00:21.63]of what we suppose to have been man's time as a unique species.
人类作为一个独特的物种存在的时代， [00:25.73]Furthermore, the accuracy of these records is often suspected,
甚至这些记录的准确性往往值得怀疑， [00:30.98]and the scope and selection of significant detail in them often needs improvement.
其中重要情节的范围和选取都需要改进。 [00:36.26]It is worse when we try to reconstruct man's history before the development of writing,
然而，当我们在还没完成文献时就试图重现人类的历史，事情会变得更糟糕。 [00:42.31]and this is unfortunate because the history of the greatest discoveries,
很不幸，因为历史上最伟大的发现， [00:47.68]such as fire,
比如火， [00:48.76]the wheel and the sail,
轮子和帆， [00:49.23]as well as the history of the early development of human society are lost to us.
以及人类社会早期发展的历史早已不为我们所知。 [00:55.50]The most that we can do is to use traces,
我们能做的最多是追溯过去， [00:58.77]deduction, speculation and the knowledge
演绎推理，利用我们所了解的 [01:01.81]we have of the habits of those animals which have elementary social
关于基本社会秩序的动物生活习性的知识 [01:05.21]order to help us make a partial reconstruction.
以此来帮助我们重现部分历史。 [01:08.76]This is hardly a satisfactory substitute for precise information.
用这些来替代精确的信息远非令人满意。 [01:13.87]With our knowledge of human history,
由于我们对人类历史知识的了解 [01:16.91]which is only fragmentary at best,
最多也是零零散散的， [01:18.48]it is therefore nearly impossible
因此我们几乎不可能 [01:21.70]to reconstruct the beginning and to deduce the end of the story of man.
重现人类故事的开端和演绎人类故事的结局。