与历史有关的几个理论(5/6)-英语听力

[00:00.05]In a third theory of history,
第三个历史理论 [00:03.91]the two above theories are to some degree reconciled.
同上述两个理论在某种程度上是不谋而合的。 [00:08.73]According to this theory,
根据这一理论--- [00:10.32]which is often termed the spiral view of history,
通常称为螺旋历史观， [00:14.69]human societies do repeat a cycle of stages,
虽然人类社会的发展阶段是不断循环重复的， [00:17.20]but overall progress is observable in the long historical perspective.
但从长远的历史角度来看其总体进步是显而易见的。 [00:23.68]Civilizations do rise and fall,
第三个历史理论支持第二个历史理论所主张的观点， [00:26.07]as the advocates of the second theory maintain,
即文明会经历兴衰， [00:30.76]but the new civilization which replaces the first,
但是它还认为新的文明往往会征服最初文明 [00:33.85]usually by conquest,
并将其取而代之。 [00:35.74]contains superior qualities
由于新的文明具备更好的条件 [00:37.18]which enable it to rise to a higher stage of development
使它能够发展到一个更高级的阶段。 [00:41.39]until it declines and is replaced by yet a third civilization.
然而这个文明仍会继续向前发展直到它衰败，再被更优越的第三种文明取而代之。