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[00:00.00]Now let's move on to the second approach to meaning,
[00:04.58]that is, meaning is created by and contained in the text itself.
[00:10.44]Does the meaning exist in the text?
[00:14.57]Some scholars argue that the formal properties of the text,
[00:19.18]like grammar, diction, uses of image and so on and so forth,
[00:24.73]contain and produce the meaning,
[00:27.57]so that any educated or competent reader
[00:31.08]will inevitably come to more or less the same interpretation as any other.
[00:36.46]As far as I am concerned,
[00:39.38]the meaning is not only to be found in the literary traditions
[00:43.94]and grammatical conventions of meaning
[00:46.84]but also in the cultural codes
[00:49.67]which have been handed down from generation to generation.