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[00:06.22]And, whether money takes the form of silver coins, seashells, bars of gold or bank notes,
无论货币以什么形式出现，银币、贝壳、金条，或者是银行票据 [00:12.68]that's been true from ancient times right down to the present day.
这条原则此原则从古至今都是成立的 [00:17.29]Even lumps of clay can work better than silver coins, if people have enough confidence in them.
如果人们对它的信心足够，黏土都比银币值钱 [00:22.86]In Ancient Mesopotamia, nearly 4,000 years ago,
约四千年前的在古老的美索不达米亚平原 [00:26.77]people used clay tablets like these ones to commit themselves to particular financial transactions.
人们用这种粘土块作为金融交易的凭证 [00:33.20]For example, this one, found a little southwest of Baghdad,
比如这个在巴格达西南部发掘出来的 [00:37.49]specifies that a debtor will repay a lender 330 measures of grain on the harvest day.
规定债务人 在收获粮食的时候，必须归还债权人330斗谷物 [00:45.06]But this one's even more fascinating,
这个更有趣 [00:46.55]because what it says is that a debt of four measures of barley should be repaid to the bearer of the clay tablet.
因为它上面写着，必须偿还该粘土块持有人4斗大麦 [00:54.51]And it's that idea of repayment to the bearer that really fascinates me.
这种向持票人偿还的观念让我非常感兴趣 [00:59.45]
无论货币以什么形式出现，银币、贝壳、金条，或者是银行票据 [00:12.68]that's been true from ancient times right down to the present day.
这条原则此原则从古至今都是成立的 [00:17.29]Even lumps of clay can work better than silver coins, if people have enough confidence in them.
如果人们对它的信心足够，黏土都比银币值钱 [00:22.86]In Ancient Mesopotamia, nearly 4,000 years ago,
约四千年前的在古老的美索不达米亚平原 [00:26.77]people used clay tablets like these ones to commit themselves to particular financial transactions.
人们用这种粘土块作为金融交易的凭证 [00:33.20]For example, this one, found a little southwest of Baghdad,
比如这个在巴格达西南部发掘出来的 [00:37.49]specifies that a debtor will repay a lender 330 measures of grain on the harvest day.
规定债务人 在收获粮食的时候，必须归还债权人330斗谷物 [00:45.06]But this one's even more fascinating,
这个更有趣 [00:46.55]because what it says is that a debt of four measures of barley should be repaid to the bearer of the clay tablet.
因为它上面写着，必须偿还该粘土块持有人4斗大麦 [00:54.51]And it's that idea of repayment to the bearer that really fascinates me.
这种向持票人偿还的观念让我非常感兴趣 [00:59.45]
