Rethink Economic Approach for Least Developed Countries-英语听力

[00:00.10]From VOA Learning English, [00:02.19]this is the Economics Report. [00:05.44]A new United Nations report says [00:09.24]the world's poorest countries [00:11.21]should rethink their economic policies, [00:14.31]because they are failing [00:16.26]to create jobs for their citizens. [00:19.87]The U.N. Conference on Trade and Development [00:24.08]is warning that current policies [00:26.64]will not do a lot to reduce poverty, [00:30.34]because so few jobs are being created. [00:33.50]The U.N. report warns of social unrest [00:38.30]and growing numbers of emigrants [00:40.95]if the employment situation in these countries [00:44.35]does not improved. [00:46.50]Taffere Tesfachew is with the U.N. Conference [00:51.11]on Trade and Development. [00:52.91]He says a new way of thinking is needed. [00:56.21]He says no one questions [00:58.86]the need for economic growth. [01:01.42]But that growth needs to create jobs. [01:05.47]"We are not questioning growth [01:07.38]and growth matters very much, [01:08.88]it is absolutely critical. [01:10.39]Nobody is changing their views on the need for growth. [01:13.49]But I think the question is [01:14.88]- perhaps there is a way you grow and create employment, [01:19.64]and there is a way you grow you do not create employment. [01:22.14]The policies followed by many least developed countries [01:26.80]and those especially which did not create employment [01:31.01]while there is a need to create employment." [01:33.17]The World Bank and International Monetary Fund [01:36.83]have called for economic stability [01:39.54]and liberalization policies [01:41.85]for poor and undeveloped countries. [01:45.35]But this policies have failed to create many jobs, [01:49.41]even during the period of economic expansion [01:52.67]from 2002 to 2008. [01:56.99]During that period, [01:59.37]many least developed countries grew each year [02:03.48]at a rate of eight percent or more. [02:06.19]The United Nations has identified [02:10.34]49 "least developed countries." [02:13.40]Thirty-four are in African, [02:16.60]there are nine others in Asia, [02:19.80]five in the Pacific and one in the Caribbean. [02:24.61]Almost all of these countries face rising numbers [02:29.40]of men and women entering the labor market. [02:32.81]By 2050, the number of young people seeking jobs [02:37.60]is expected to rise to 300 million. [02:42.06]Taffere Tesfachew says countries should [02:46.46]invest in labor-intensive industries [02:49.07]such as manufacturing to create jobs [02:52.67]for the millions of unemployed. [02:55.48]"We really believe that infrastructural transformation, [02:58.58]countries that are moving, [03:00.64]jumping from agriculture to services, [03:04.04]bypassing manufacturing, [03:05.65]I think they will have a problem. [03:08.20]The manufacturing sector, the industrial sector, [03:11.70]particularly manufacturing, [03:12.91]is I think critical for countries with large population." [03:16.16]In the U.N. report, a country was considered [03:21.39]a least developed when personal income [03:24.64]is below $992 on a three-year average. [03:29.80]The report also considered [03:32.75]the economic problems each nation faced [03:35.51]and its rating on the Human Assets Index. [03:40.01]The Index measures issues like health, [03:44.21]nutrition, school enrollment and literacy rates. [03:49.81]And that's the Economics Report from VOA Learning English.