Lesson 33 Education-英语听力

[00:01.49]Lesson 33
第33课 [00:03.49]Education
教育 [00:10.75]Why is education democratic in bookless tribal societies? [00:17.86]Education is one of the key words of our time.
教育是我们这个时代的关键词之一。 [00:21.78]A man without an education, many of us believe,
我们许多人都相信，一个没有受过教育的人， [00:25.37]is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities.
是逆境的牺牲品，被剥夺了20世纪的最优越的机会之一。 [00:33.77]Convinced of the importance of education, modern states 'invest'in institutions of learning to get back 'interest'
现代国家深深懂得教育的重要性，对教育机构投资， [00:41.88]in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders.
收回的‘利息’便是培养出大批有知识的男女青年，这些人可能成为未来的栋梁。 [00:48.58]Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out,
教育，以其教学周期如此精心地安排， [00:53.66]punctuated by textbooks--those purchasable wells of wisdom--what would civilization be like without its benefits?
并以教科书 -- 那些可以买到的智慧源泉 -- 予以强化，如果不受其惠，文明将会是个什么样子呢？ [01:03.18]So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers,
至少，这些是可以肯定的：虽然我们还会有医生和牧师、 [01:07.17]lawyers and defendants marriages and births--but our spiritual outlook would be different.
律师和被告、婚姻和生育，但人们的精神面貌将是另一个样子。 [01:14.47]We would lay less stress on 'facts and figures' and more on a good memory,
人们不会重视‘资料和数据’，的能力。 [01:19.85]on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens.
而靠好记性、实用心理学与同伴相处 [01:26.76]If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past
如果我们的教育制度仿效没有书籍的古代教育， [01:31.38]we would have the most democratic form of 'college' imaginable.
我们的学院将具有可以想象得出的最民主的形式了。 [01:36.32]Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all;
在部落中，通过传统继承的知识为所有人共享， [01:42.35]it is taught to every member of the tribe
并传授给部落中的每一个成员。 [01:45.38]so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.
从这个意义上讲，人人受到的有关生活本领的教育是相等的。 [01:51.56]It is the ideal condition of the 'equal start' [01:55.10]which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain.
这就是我们最进步的现代教育试图恢复的“平等起步”的理想状况。 [02:00.60]In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all.
在原始文化中，寻求和接受传统教育的义务对全民都有约束力。 [02:08.79]There are no'illiterates'--if the term can be applied to peoples without a script--
因而没有“文盲”（如果这个字眼儿可以用于没有文字的民族的话）。 [02:13.96]while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642,
而我们的义务教育成为法律在德国是在1642年， [02:19.54]in France in 1806, and in England in 1876 and is still nonexistent in a number of 'civilized' nations.
在法国是在1806年，在英国是在1876年。今天，在许多“文明”国家里，义务教育迄今尚未实行。 [02:30.53]This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that
这说明，经过了多么漫长的时间之后，我们才认识到， [02:35.46]all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the 'happy few' during the past centuries.
有必要确保我们的孩子享有多少个世纪以来由‘少数幸运者’所积累起来的知识。 [02:43.38]Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.
荒凉地区的教育不是钱的问题， [02:48.41]All are entitled to an equal start.
所有的人都享有平等起步的权利。 [02:51.77]There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality.
那里没有我们今天社会中的匆忙生活，而匆忙的生活常常妨碍个性的全面发展。 [02:59.23]There, a child grows up under the everpresent attention of his parents;
荒凉地区的孩子无时无刻不在父母关怀下成长。 [03:04.54]therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no 'juvenile delinquency'.
因此，丛林和荒凉地区不知道什么叫“青少年犯罪”。 [03:11.24]No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children,
人们没有必要离家谋生，所以不会产生孩子无人管的问题， [03:17.60]and no father is confronted with his inability to 'buy' an education for his child.
也不存在父亲无力为孩子支付教育费用而犯难的问题。