Lesson 41 Training elephants-英语听力mp3下载无损flac下载
Lesson 41 Training elephants-英语听力在线试听免费歌词下载
[00:01.49]Lesson 41
第41课 [00:03.58]Training elephants
训练大象 [00:12.00]At what point does the training of a captive wild elephant begin?
捕获的野生大象的训练从什么时候开始？ [00:19.28]Two main techniques have been used for training elephants, which we may call respectively the tough and the gentle.
训象有两种主要的方法，我们分别称之为强硬法和温柔法。 [00:27.71]The former method simply consists of setting an elephant to work and beating him until he does what is expected of him.
强硬法就是驱使大象去干活，把它打到顺从为止。 [00:36.50]Apart from any moral considerations this is a stupid method of training,
且不说道义问题，这本身就是一种愚蠢的训练方法， [00:42.02]for it produces a resentful animal who at a later stage may well turn man-killer.
因为这种方法会使动物反感，在以后的某个时期可能会变成伤害人的动物。 [00:48.76]The gentle method requires more patience in the early stages,
温柔法要求在最初阶段保持较大的耐心， [00:53.04]but produce a cheerful good-tempered elephant who will give many years of loyal service.
但这种方法可以训练出性情愉快、脾气温顺、能忠实为人服务多年的大象。 [01:00.62]The first essential in elephant training is to assign to the animal a single mahout who will be entirely responsible for the job.
训象中最为重要的事情是指派一名专门的训象员，全面负责这项工作。 [01:11.01]Elephants like to have one master just as dogs do, and are capable of a considerable degree of personal affection.
大象和狗一样，喜欢有一个专一的主人，而且会对主人产生相当深厚的私人感情。 [01:20.32]There are even stories of half-trained elephant calves who have refused to feed and pined to death
甚至有这样的故事： [01:27.05]when by some unavoidable circumstance they have been deprived of their own trainer.
训练了一半的小象，由于不可避免的情况与他们的主人分离后，竟拒绝吃食，消瘦致死。 [01:33.30]Such extreme cases must probably be taken with a grain of salt,
这种极端的事例虽然不可全信， [01:38.17]but they do underline the general principle that the relationship between elephant and mahout is the key to successful training.
但强调了一项基本原则，象和训象员之间的关系是训象成功与否的关键。 [01:48.26]The most economical age to capture an elephant for training is between 15 and 20 years,
捕捉15至20岁之间年龄的大象进行训练最为经济， [01:54.97]for it is then almost ready to undertake heavy work and can begin to earn its keep straight away.
因为这个年龄的象差不多已经能够干重活，可以很快挣回饲养它的开支。 [02:02.26]But animals of this age do not easily become subservient to man, and a very firm hand must be employed in the early stages.
但这个年龄的象不易驯服，因此开始阶段需要一位强有力的老手。 [02:12.14]The captive elephant, still roped to a tree,
补来的拴在树上的大象， [02:15.57]plunges and screams every time a man approaches, and for several days will probably refuse all food through anger and fear.
每当有人走近它时，就会向前猛冲并发出尖叫，甚至一连几天都由于愤怒和恐惧而拒绝进食。 [02:26.03]Sometimes a tame elephant is tethered nearby to give the wild one confidence,
有时，把一头已经驯服的象拴在旁边能给野象以信心， [02:32.06]and in most cases the captive gradually quietens down and begins to accept its food.
在大多数情况下，刚捕来的象会慢慢静下来，接着开始吃食。 [02:39.34]The next stage is to get the elephant to the training establishment,
下一步就是把象带到训练场所， [02:44.06]a ticklish business which is achieved with the aid of two tame elephants roped to the captive on either side.
这是一件棘手的事情，需要在它的两侧拴上两头驯服的大象帮忙才能完成。 [02:52.18]When several elephants are being trained at one time,
几只大象同时训练时， [02:55.54]it is customary for the new arrival to be placed between the stalls of two captives whose training is already well advanced.
通常是把新到的安置在两头训练得很好的大象的象厩中间。 [03:04.40]It is then left completely undisturbed with plenty of food and water
然后给它以充足的食物和水，一定不要惊扰它， [03:08.66]so that it can absorb the atmosphere of its new home and see that nothing particularly alarming is happening to its companions.
以便让它能适应新居的气氛，并且看到自己的同伴身上没有发生让自己担惊受怕的事。 [03:17.58]When it is eating normally, its own training begins.
当它进食正常了，训练就开始了。 [03:21.87]The trainer stands in front of the elephant holding a long stick with a sharp metal point.
训练员手持一根有锋利的金属尖头的长棒，站在象前。 [03:27.68]Two assistants, mounted on tame elephants, control the captive from either side,
两位助手骑在驯服的象的背上，从两侧控制新捕的象， [03:33.62]while others rub their hands over his skin to the accompaniment of a monotonous and soothing chant.
其他人唱着单调的歌曲用手抚摸象的皮肤。 [03:41.04]This is supposed to induce pleasurable sensations in the elephant,
据说这是为了使象产生愉悦的感觉， [03:45.24]and its effects are reinforced by the use of endearing epithets,
为了加强这种效果，人们还按照象的年龄性别，给以亲切的外号， [03:49.76]such as 'ho! my son', or 'ho! my father', or 'my mother', according to the age and *** of the captive.
如“呵!我的孩子”、“呵！我的爸爸”、“呵！我的妈妈”。 [03:59.73]The elephant is not immediately susceptible to such blandishments, however, and usually lashes fiercely with its trunk in all directions.
然而大象不会立刻被这些讨好的话感动，而往往是用鼻子朝各个方向猛烈地甩动。 [04:09.00]These movements are controlled by the trainer with the metal-pointed stick,
训练员要用有锋利金属尖的长棒控制象的这种举动， [04:13.78]and the trunk eventually becomes so sore that the elephant curls it up and seldom afterwards uses it for offensive purposes.
象鼻子最后疼得卷了起来，以后它就很少用鼻子去进攻了。
第41课 [00:03.58]Training elephants
训练大象 [00:12.00]At what point does the training of a captive wild elephant begin?
捕获的野生大象的训练从什么时候开始？ [00:19.28]Two main techniques have been used for training elephants, which we may call respectively the tough and the gentle.
训象有两种主要的方法，我们分别称之为强硬法和温柔法。 [00:27.71]The former method simply consists of setting an elephant to work and beating him until he does what is expected of him.
强硬法就是驱使大象去干活，把它打到顺从为止。 [00:36.50]Apart from any moral considerations this is a stupid method of training,
且不说道义问题，这本身就是一种愚蠢的训练方法， [00:42.02]for it produces a resentful animal who at a later stage may well turn man-killer.
因为这种方法会使动物反感，在以后的某个时期可能会变成伤害人的动物。 [00:48.76]The gentle method requires more patience in the early stages,
温柔法要求在最初阶段保持较大的耐心， [00:53.04]but produce a cheerful good-tempered elephant who will give many years of loyal service.
但这种方法可以训练出性情愉快、脾气温顺、能忠实为人服务多年的大象。 [01:00.62]The first essential in elephant training is to assign to the animal a single mahout who will be entirely responsible for the job.
训象中最为重要的事情是指派一名专门的训象员，全面负责这项工作。 [01:11.01]Elephants like to have one master just as dogs do, and are capable of a considerable degree of personal affection.
大象和狗一样，喜欢有一个专一的主人，而且会对主人产生相当深厚的私人感情。 [01:20.32]There are even stories of half-trained elephant calves who have refused to feed and pined to death
甚至有这样的故事： [01:27.05]when by some unavoidable circumstance they have been deprived of their own trainer.
训练了一半的小象，由于不可避免的情况与他们的主人分离后，竟拒绝吃食，消瘦致死。 [01:33.30]Such extreme cases must probably be taken with a grain of salt,
这种极端的事例虽然不可全信， [01:38.17]but they do underline the general principle that the relationship between elephant and mahout is the key to successful training.
但强调了一项基本原则，象和训象员之间的关系是训象成功与否的关键。 [01:48.26]The most economical age to capture an elephant for training is between 15 and 20 years,
捕捉15至20岁之间年龄的大象进行训练最为经济， [01:54.97]for it is then almost ready to undertake heavy work and can begin to earn its keep straight away.
因为这个年龄的象差不多已经能够干重活，可以很快挣回饲养它的开支。 [02:02.26]But animals of this age do not easily become subservient to man, and a very firm hand must be employed in the early stages.
但这个年龄的象不易驯服，因此开始阶段需要一位强有力的老手。 [02:12.14]The captive elephant, still roped to a tree,
补来的拴在树上的大象， [02:15.57]plunges and screams every time a man approaches, and for several days will probably refuse all food through anger and fear.
每当有人走近它时，就会向前猛冲并发出尖叫，甚至一连几天都由于愤怒和恐惧而拒绝进食。 [02:26.03]Sometimes a tame elephant is tethered nearby to give the wild one confidence,
有时，把一头已经驯服的象拴在旁边能给野象以信心， [02:32.06]and in most cases the captive gradually quietens down and begins to accept its food.
在大多数情况下，刚捕来的象会慢慢静下来，接着开始吃食。 [02:39.34]The next stage is to get the elephant to the training establishment,
下一步就是把象带到训练场所， [02:44.06]a ticklish business which is achieved with the aid of two tame elephants roped to the captive on either side.
这是一件棘手的事情，需要在它的两侧拴上两头驯服的大象帮忙才能完成。 [02:52.18]When several elephants are being trained at one time,
几只大象同时训练时， [02:55.54]it is customary for the new arrival to be placed between the stalls of two captives whose training is already well advanced.
通常是把新到的安置在两头训练得很好的大象的象厩中间。 [03:04.40]It is then left completely undisturbed with plenty of food and water
然后给它以充足的食物和水，一定不要惊扰它， [03:08.66]so that it can absorb the atmosphere of its new home and see that nothing particularly alarming is happening to its companions.
以便让它能适应新居的气氛，并且看到自己的同伴身上没有发生让自己担惊受怕的事。 [03:17.58]When it is eating normally, its own training begins.
当它进食正常了，训练就开始了。 [03:21.87]The trainer stands in front of the elephant holding a long stick with a sharp metal point.
训练员手持一根有锋利的金属尖头的长棒，站在象前。 [03:27.68]Two assistants, mounted on tame elephants, control the captive from either side,
两位助手骑在驯服的象的背上，从两侧控制新捕的象， [03:33.62]while others rub their hands over his skin to the accompaniment of a monotonous and soothing chant.
其他人唱着单调的歌曲用手抚摸象的皮肤。 [03:41.04]This is supposed to induce pleasurable sensations in the elephant,
据说这是为了使象产生愉悦的感觉， [03:45.24]and its effects are reinforced by the use of endearing epithets,
为了加强这种效果，人们还按照象的年龄性别，给以亲切的外号， [03:49.76]such as 'ho! my son', or 'ho! my father', or 'my mother', according to the age and *** of the captive.
如“呵!我的孩子”、“呵！我的爸爸”、“呵！我的妈妈”。 [03:59.73]The elephant is not immediately susceptible to such blandishments, however, and usually lashes fiercely with its trunk in all directions.
然而大象不会立刻被这些讨好的话感动，而往往是用鼻子朝各个方向猛烈地甩动。 [04:09.00]These movements are controlled by the trainer with the metal-pointed stick,
训练员要用有锋利金属尖的长棒控制象的这种举动， [04:13.78]and the trunk eventually becomes so sore that the elephant curls it up and seldom afterwards uses it for offensive purposes.
象鼻子最后疼得卷了起来，以后它就很少用鼻子去进攻了。
