Speaking more than one language may delay different kinds of dementia-英语听力

[00:00.10]From VOA Learning English,
这是来自美国之声英语学习 [00:02.45]this is the Health Report.
这是一个健康报道 [00:05.52]New research suggests
新的研究发现 [00:07.67]that speaking more than one language
说多种语言 [00:10.99]may delay different kinds of dementia,
可能会延缓不同类型的痴呆 [00:14.53]that is the lost of mental ability.
也就是心智能力的丧失 [00:18.23]In fact, researchers say,
实际上研究者说 [00:20.64]speaking two languages
讲两门语言似乎比 [00:22.95]appears to be more important
教育水平 [00:25.50]than the level of education
更能 [00:27.60]in defending against dementias.
预防痴呆症 [00:30.95]A study in India examined the effect
在印度的一项研究检验了这种影响 [00:34.40]of knowing more than one language
懂得多种语言 [00:36.90]in delaying the first signs of several disorders,
推迟了一些疾病的最初症状 [00:41.25]these included Alzheimer's disease,
包括老年痴呆症 [00:44.15]frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia,
额颞叶痴呆，血管性痴呆 [00:48.99]Lewy bodies dementia and mixed dementias.
路易体痴呆和混合性痴呆 [00:53.93]Researchers studied nearly 650 people
研究人员对近650人进行了研究 [00:58.14]whose average age was 66.
他们的平均年龄是66岁 [01:01.20]240 of those studied suffered from Alzheimer's,
其中240人患有老年痴呆症 [01:06.30]the most common form of mental decline.
这是最常见的精神衰退形式 [01:09.61]391 of the subjects spoke two or more languages.
让391名受试者说两种或两种以上的语言 [01:15.77]Investigators found the dementias began about
调查人员发现 [01:19.69]four-and-a-half years later in those who were bilingual
与那些只说一种语言的人相比 [01:25.13]compared to those who spoke only one language.
双语者痴呆症病情首次出现要晚四年半 [01:28.76]The level of education had no effect
教育水平对痴呆 [01:31.57]on the age at the first sign of dementia.
首次发作没有影响 [01:35.13]Thomas Bak helped to organise the study.
托马斯·贝克帮助组织了这项研究 [01:39.03]He is with the Center of Cognitive Aging
他任职于苏格兰爱丁堡大学 [01:42.39]at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland.
认知老化的中心 [01:46.20]He suggests that individuals
他建议个人 他表明 [01:49.54]who speak more than one language
能说多种语言的个人 [01:51.75]train their brains by moving back and forth
通过在不同词语和表达之间 [01:56.20]between different words and expressions.
来回训练他们的大脑 [02:00.16]Mr Bok believes this effort improves
Bak认为这种行为改善了 [02:03.52]what scientists called executive functioning
科学家所谓的执行功能 [02:08.22]or attention to tasks,
也就是对任务的关注度 [02:10.77]this mental ability often weakens in people with dementias.
痴呆症患者的这种心理能力通常会变弱 [02:16.47]Researchers found there was no extra gain
研究者发现讲两门以上语言 [02:20.69]in speaking more than two languages.
没有其他的益处 [02:23.85]They also did not see a delay
他们并没有发现 [02:27.00]in the first signs of Lewy bodies dementia,
和路易体痴呆首次出现的延迟 [02:31.30]the disorder causes patients to see
这种疾病能使病人看到 [02:34.61]or experience things that do not real exist.
或经历根本不存在的东西 [02:39.22]They can also cause sufferers to move back and forth
他们还会出现幻觉 [02:43.93]between being wide awake and really sleeping.
在清醒和沉睡之间交替着 [02:47.79]Mr Bak says it does not appear important
Bak说，年轻还是老年时 [02:51.85]whether you learn a language at a young age or later in life.
去学习语言并不重要 [02:56.51]"So it's not something you sort of say that
并不是说 [02:58.91]'[if] you missed the boat when you do not do it as a baby.'
年轻时错过这个机会以后就没有了 [03:01.84]It is something that is still quite useful
即使是成年后学习语言 [03:05.45]and powerful when you do it as an adult," he said.
仍然很有用很重要 [03:08.00]Scientists found that speaking more than one language
科学家发现讲一门以上语言 [03:12.05]help delay the first signs of dementias,
能帮助延迟患上痴呆症 [03:15.41]even in those who could not read.
即使对那些不识字的人来说也是如此 [03:18.91]An article on the benefits of bilingualism on dementias
有关双语对痴呆症益处的文章 [03:23.16]was published this month in the journal Neurology.
本月发表在杂志《神经学》上 [03:28.33]And that is the VOA Health Report from VOA Learning English.
这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道